1. Poor personal hygiene, or generally unsanitary conditions of the residents or facility
2. Sudden and unexplained loss of weight
3. Malnutrition or dehydration
4. Repeated falls
5. The improper withholding of medication
6. Over-medication or the resident
7. Unexplained change in behavior, confusion or abnormal behavior (pulling out hair, rocking, etc.)
8. Signs of physical abuse such as bruises, cuts, burns or skin discoloration
9. Pressure ulcers, a.k.a. bedsores.

If you witness or suspect neglect or abuse, immediately report it to the resident’s regular physician, the local Ombudsman’s office and either the Department of Health Services (for SNFs) or Department of Social Service, Community Care Licensing (for RCFEs) so that a proper investigation by trained professionals can be conducted. Time is of the essence in preventing further abuse and getting your family member or friend the care and attention they deserve.